增词
英汉两种语言，由于表达方式不尽相同，翻译时要在词量上加以增减。所谓增词译法，就是在原文的基础上添加必要的单词、词组、分句或完整句，这当然不是无中生有地随意增词，而是增加原文中虽无其词但有其意的一些词，从而使得译文在语法、语言形式上符合译文习惯并在文化背景、词语联想方面与原文一致起来，使得译文与原文在内容和形式等方面对等起来。
3.1增加表示名词复数概念的词语
翻译时，有时为了明确原文的含义，需要通过增译“们”、“一些”、“许多”等词语把英语中表示名词复数的概念译出。例如：
(1)Carbon combines with oxygen to form carbon oxides． 碳同氧化合形成多种氧化碳。
(2)Of visible lights，red light has the longest and violet the shortest wavelength． 在各种可见光中，红光的波长最长，紫光的波长最短。
(3)When the plants died and decayed，they formed layers of organic materials．植物腐烂后，形成了一层层有机物。
(4)In the 1980s，departments bought their own minicomputers and managers bought their PCs． 20世纪80年代，许多部门都购买了自己的微机，经理们也购买个人电脑。
(5)There is enough coal to meet the world’s needs for centuries to come． 有足够的煤来满足全世界未来几个世纪的需要。
(6)Amphibians and birds do differ significantly． 两栖类和鸟类之间有显著的差别。
(7)Signals from the senses-eyes，ears，nostrils or skin．as the case may be—send messages t0 the spinal cord．which moves the limbs appropriately． 眼、耳、鼻或皮肤等各种感官所接受的信号会被送到脊髓，使肢体活动。
(8)Things in the universe ale changing an the time． 宇宙中万物总是在不断变化的。
(9)The substances get into the soil， into plants and into human bodies． 这些物质进入土壤、植物和人体。
(10)Air is a mixture of gases． 空气是多种气体的混合物。
3.2增加表示时态的词语
汉语的动词没有表示时态的词形变化和相应的助动词，因此翻译时应增译相应的时间副词或助词，用来表示不同的时态。例如：
(1)Contemporary natural science are now working for new important breakthroughs． 当代自然科学正在酝酿着新的重大突破。
(2)Humans have been dreaming of copies of themselves for thousands of years． 千百年来，人类一直梦想制造出自己的复制品。
(3)This natural approach to remediating hazardous wastes in the soil，water，and air is capturing the attention of government regulators．industries，landowners，and researchers． 这种清除土壤、水以及空气中有害废品的自然方法正日益受到各政府首脑、企业、土地所有者、研究人员们的关注。
(4)The high-altitude plane was and still is a remarkable bird．高空飞机过去是而且现在仍然还是一种了不起的飞行器。
(5)Bv the turn of the 19th century geologist had found that rock layers occurred in a definite order． 到19世纪初，地质学家已发现岩层有一定的次序。
(6)Some day man will be able to utilize the solar energy．总有一天，人类将能利用太阳能。
(7)It’s time to ring farewell to the century of physics and ring in the century of biotechnology． 现在是告别物理学世纪、迎接生物技术世纪的时候了。
(8)This company has been manufacturing computers for five years 。这家公司五年来一直在生产计算机。
(9)The earth’population is doubling，the environment is being damaged． 地球的人口正在加倍增长，环境也在不断受到破坏。
(10)Scientists are working to develop new ways to make the semiconducting material used in computers and other modern electronic devices． 科学家们正在研究用新的方法制造用于计算机和其他现代电子仪器中的半导体材料。
3.3增加表示句子主语的词语
当被动句中的谓语是表示“知道”、“了解”、“看见”、“认为”、“发现”、“考虑”等意思的动词时，通常可在其前增加“人们”、“我们”、“有人”等词语，译成汉语的主动句。例如：
(1)Weak magnetic fields are known to come from the human body。我们知道，人体能产生微弱的磁场。
(2)It is estimated that the new synergy between computers and Net technology will have significant influence on the industry of the future．有人预测，新的电脑和网络技术的结合将会对未来工业产生巨大的影响。
(3)It’s believed that we shall make full use of the sun’s energy some day． 我们相信，总有一天我们将能够充分利用太阳能。
(4)With the development of modern electrical engineering，power can be transmitted to wherever it is needed． 随着现代化电气工程的发展，人们可以把电力输送到任何所需要的地方。
(5)It is said that numerical control is the operation 0f machine tools by numbers． 人们说，数控就是机床用数字加以操纵。
(6)It’s pointed out that societies have long operated under the assumption that the oceans and rivers would wash away pollution，the winds would cleanse the air，and the soil could bury the rest． 有人指出，我们的社会长期以来在处理垃圾时都认为海洋和河流会把污染冲走，风会把空气吹净，而土壤则会把其他污染埋藏。
(7)Potassium and sodium are seldom met in their natural state．我们很少见到自然状态的钾和钠。
(8)The design is considered practical． 大家认为这一设计切实可行。
(9)A few years ago it was thought unusual that programs could ever be called up by viewers to be displayed on their TV screens at home．几年前人们还认为观众在家里打电话收看电视节目是件稀罕事。
(10)It may be supposed that originally the earth’s land surface was composed of rock only． 我们可以设想地球陆地表面原先完全是由岩石构成的。