Of Youth and Age 论青年与老年 中英对照
弗朗西斯 培根 Francis Bacon
A MAN that is young in years, may be old in hours, if he have lost no time. But that happeneth rarely. Generally, youth is like the first cogitations, not so wise as the second. For there is a youth in thoughts, as well as in ages. And yet the invention of young men, is more lively than that of old; and imaginations stream into their minds better, and, as it were, more divinely. Natures that have much heat, and great and violent desires and perturbations, are not ripe for action, till they have passed the meridian of their years; as it was with Julius Caesar and Septimius Severus. Of the latter, of whom it is said, Juventutem egit erroribus, imo furoribus, plenam. And yet he was the ablest emperor, almost, of all the list. But reposed natures may do well in youth. As it is seen in Augustus Caesar, Cosmus Duke of Florence, Gaston de Foix, and others. On the other side, heat and vivacity in age, is an excellent composition for business. Young men are fitter to invent, than to judge; fitter for execution, than for counsel; and fitter for new projects, than for settled business. For the experience of age, in things that fall within the compass of it, directeth them; but in new things, abuseth them.
一个年岁不大的人也可以是富于经验的，假如他不曾虚度生活的话；然而这毕竟是罕有的事。一般说来，青年人富于“直觉”，而老年人则长于“深思”。这两者在深刻和正确性上是有着显著差别的。青年的特别是富于创造性，想象力也纯洁而灵活。这似乎是得之于神助的。然而，热情炽烈而情绪敏感的人往往要在中年以后方成大器，尤恺撒和塞维拉斯①就是明显的例证。曾有人评论后一位说：“他曾度过一个荒谬的——甚至是疯狂的青春”。然而他后来成为罗马皇帝中极杰出的一位。少年老成、性格稳健的人则往往青春时代就可成大器，奥古斯都大帝、卡斯曼斯大公、卡斯顿勋爵②即是如此。另一方面，对于老人来说，保持住热情和活力则是难能可贵的。青年人长于创造而短于思考，长于猛干而短于讨论，长于革新而短于守成。老年人的经验，引导他们熟悉旧事物，却蒙蔽他们无视新情况。
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