28 Of Expense 论消费

Riches are for spending; and spending for honour and good actions. Therefore extraordinary expense must be limited by the worth of the occasion: for voluntary undoing may be as well for a man\’s country as for the kingdom of heaven. But ordinary expense ought to be limited by a man\’s estate; and governed with such regard, as it be within his compass; and not subject to deceit and abuse of servants; and ordered to the best show, that the bills may be less than the estimation abroad. 
财富底用处是消费，而消费底目的是为了光荣或善举。因此特别的消费当以其原因之价值为度；盖为了国家，和为了天国一样，也可以自甘贫乏的。但是普通的消费则当以一个人底财产为度；并且要管理得宜，务使消费不要超出收入；并且要勿受仆役底欺骗；还得观瞻极佳，务使实付之款比外人底估计为少。

Certainly, if a man will keep but of even hand, his ordinary expenses ought to be but to the half of his receipts; and if he think to wax rich, but to the third part.
无疑地，假如一个人仅仅要出入相当，不至贫乏的话，他日常的支出也应当仅及他底收入底一半；若是他要变为富有的话，那他底支出就应当只有收入底三分之一。

It is no baseness, for the greatest, to descend and look into their own estate. Some forbear it, not upon negligence alone, but doubting to bring themselves into melancholy, in respect they shall find it broken. But wounds cannot be cured without searching. He that cannot look into his own estate at all, had need both choose well, those whom he employeth, and change them often: for new are more timorous, and less subtle. He that can look into his estate but seldom, it behoveth him to turn all to certainties. A man had need, if he be plentiful in some kind of expense, to be as saving again, in some other. As if he be plentiful in diet, to be saving in apparel: if he be plentiful in the hall, to be saving in the stable: and the like. For he that is plentiful in expenses of all kinds, will hardly be preserved from decay. In clearing of a man\’s estate, he may as well hurt himself in being too sudden, as in letting it run on too long. For hasty selling is commonly as disadvantageable as interest 
即是很大的人物而躬自检点自己底财产也不算是一件自卑自贱的行为。有些人不肯如此做，其原因不仅是大意，也有因为恐怕检点底结果发现自己已经破产而生烦恼者。但是如果身体上有了创伤，不检验是不会好的。那完全不会检点自己底财产的人务须要用人得当，还得常常换他们；因为新用的人比较胆小而计谋少一点。那不能常常检点他底财产的人应当把出入底一切数目都规定了。一个人如果在某一项上消费多，则他必须要在别的一项上节省。例如他在吃喝上爱花钱，那末他就应当在衣着上节省；要是他在住屋上爱花钱，他就应当在马厩上节省，皆是也。因为那在每一项上都是花钱很多的人是难免堕入逆境的。一个人在清偿债务的时候，如果过于求速，一举还清，也会和久欠不还一样地有害的。因为急于求售和多欠利息是一样地不利也

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